Division Manager. The title for an official who reports directly to an Office of the Director and exercises executive direction over a division. Executive Director. The title for an official who reports directly to the Associate Administrator and exercises executive direction over the Service. Headquarters Organization. Line of Business LOB. A Headquarters Organization with a primary function of providing a safe and efficient aerospace system. Office of the Administrator AOA.
Includes the Administrator and Deputy Administrator. A collective term used to refer to the principal organizational element one level below the LOB. Directive Feedback Information. Note any deficiencies found, clarifications needed, or suggested improvements regarding the contents of this order on FAA Form Functional Organization. The Service consists of four functional offices: a.
Office of Air Carrier Safety Assurance. Office of General Aviation Safety Assurance. Office of Safety Standards. These responsibilities are balanced across divisions. Office of Foundational Business. The Office of Foundational Business focuses on management and development, aircraft and airmen registration, internal evaluations and investigations, and aviation security.
Organizational Change 1. Requesting Organizational Change. Determine the Need for a Change. After a Director has determined the need for reorganization or realignment, he or she prepares a request, in a decision memorandum format, to the Executive Director. The memorandum should contain, at a minimum, the following information: 1 The general purpose of the reorganization.
Directors making organizational changes should consult with the appropriate bargaining unit representatives when drafting the proposed reorganization request to ensure union concerns are addressed.
However, the Executive Director may approve or disapprove the proposed changes without establishing a peer review whenever he or she deems appropriate. The result of the peer review will either be a revision of the proposal to reflect changes suggested by the peer review or a recommendation to the Executive Director to either approve or disapprove the proposed change, with or without modification.
Review by the DLT. Upon receipt of the memorandum requesting an organizational change, the Deputy Executive Director will call a meeting of the DLT. If they render assistance in a first-aid accident, they shall be offered the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours.
Should first-aid responders experience exposure to bloodborne pathogens e. See Chapter 25 of this Handbook for specifics. Cableway Safety. Employees who use cableways to measure or sample, employees who inspect cableways, and employees who serve as regional cableway experts will receive training as specified in Chapter 41 of this Handbook.
Confined Space Entry. Employees who enter confined spaces or serve as attendants or rescuers shall receive training prior to performance of confined space entry duties as required and described in Chapter 40 of this Handbook. Employees who are responsible for monitoring and inspecting excavations and for analyzing soil types e. Defensive Driving. Employees who operate any type of motor vehicle in the performance of official duties shall receive defensive driving training.
Specific requirements may be found in Chapter 16 of this Handbook. Electrical Safety. Employees whose work involves risk of injury due to electrical shock or other electrical hazards will be trained in the safety-related work practices required by 29 CFR Employees who are permitted to work on or near exposed energized parts will be trained in the skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment, the skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts, the clearance distances specified in 29 CFR Employees designated to take defensive measures or contain hazardous material spills shall receive first responder operational level certification as defined by OSHA see 29 CFR A minimum of 8 hours of training is required.
Employees who are members of organized USGS spill teams shall receive training appropriate for the tasks to be completed as part of the emergency response. Employees assigned to entry team or decontamination duties shall be certified to the hazardous materials technician level as specified by OSHA see 29 CFR A minimum of 24 hours of training is required.
Employees assigned to support roles during a hazardous materials response shall receive certification to at least the first responder operational level as defined by OSHA.
Eight hours of refresher training shall be provided to employees of organized USGS spill teams annually as a minimum. Employees shall not attempt clean up of any hazardous material spill without appropriate training, personal protective and clean-up equipment, and knowledge of the hazards. The amount spilled, degree of toxicity, and resources available to clean up the spill must be properly evaluated. Employees whose work involves proximity to or handling of explosives shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of basic explosives safety, with refresher training provided annually as described in Chapter 38 of this Handbook.
Topics shall include hazards of each class of explosives, dangers of static electricity, storage and transportation requirements, initiation devices, and personal protective devices.
Fall Protection. Employees whose duties may expose them to falls of 4 feet or more to a surface below or to dangerous machinery at any height should be trained in the nature of fall hazards in the work area. Employees who use personal fall arrest systems and those who assemble scaffolds need additional instruction. See Chapter 44 of this Handbook for specifics.
Field Safety. Employees who conduct work where the location of the work is greater than 15 minutes from professional medical services should receive training in basic first aid and CPR. For locations where medical services are greater than 1 hour away, employees shall also have advanced first-aid or wilderness first-aid training. Where multiple employees are assigned to a specific field location, at least two shall be certified in first aid and CPR. Employees shall receive additional training commensurate with the fieldwork location.
Training to address hazards associated with extreme temperatures, coldwater survival, wilderness conditions, and high altitude shall be given to employees likely to encounter these conditions.
Field hazard training shall be conducted upon initial employment and every 3 years thereafter. Fire Extinguisher. Such training can usually be obtained from the local fire department. See Chapter 36 this Handbook for specifics. Employees conducting field work shall receive basic first-aid and CPR training. Employees shall receive first-aid refresher training every 3 years and CPR refresher training annually or as required by the organization administering the training and certification program e.
Hazard Communication. Employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable emergency shall receive initial Hazard Communication Training with refresher training every 3 years see Chapter Hazardous Environments.
Training shall be provided to all employees working in hazardous environments to enable them to deal with the problems and working environments they may encounter. Training activities will include but are not limited to the following:. Hazardous Materials Shipping, Receiving, Packaging.
Employees who package, ship, or receive hazardous materials as classified by the Department of Transportation must receive training in the hazards, including correct procedures, forms, and precautions. Hazardous Waste Generators. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act requires any facility that generates hazardous-waste HW to provide all employees, who handle HW, training on emergency procedures, systems, and equipment. Annual refresher training is required after the initial training is completed.
Hazardous-Waste Sites. Employees entering any hazardous-waste site must receive training as required by OSHA prior to initial assignment and annually thereafter see 29 CFR Only employees listed on approved site plans will be allowed to perform work on hazardous-waste sites. Hearing Conservation Noise.
Employees in a Hearing Conservation Program will receive annual training in accordance with Chapter 19 of this Handbook. Laboratory Safety Chemical Hygiene. Employees using hazardous materials in a laboratory environment shall receive chemical-hygiene training as described in Chapter 21 of this Handbook.
Liquid Propane Gas. Employees who perform installation, removal, operation, or maintenance work on liquid propane gas systems will receive training in accordance with 29 CFR Logging Chain Saws. Employees assigned to operate chain saws will be trained in their safe use and maintenance in accordance with 29 CFR Supervisors shall certify that employees are experienced and knowledgeable in the safe operation of machine-shop tools, portable power tools, and other equipment prior to operating such equipment.
New employees should serve an apprenticeship or receive formal training under an experienced senior employee before unsupervised use of power tools and equipment. Refresher certification or formal training is required every 3 years. Materials Handling Manual Lifting.
Employees required to routinely lift objects of greater than 35 pounds as part of their job assignment shall be instructed in proper lifting techniques, proper back care, and exercises upon initial assignment and every 3 years thereafter.
Materials Handling Powered Industrial Trucks. Employees who use manual or motorized forklift trucks shall have supervisory authorization and receive initial training in their operation and refresher training every 3 years.
Employees shall not enter any active mine without the written approval of the mine owner and shall receive training to meet 30 CFR Mine Safety and Health Administration requirements.
If employees are to work in abandoned mines, they shall receive training in how to test for oxygen content of the air, toxic or explosive atmospheres, and roof and wall integrity. Employees who serve in emergency evacuation positions such as floor, area, stairwell, or elevator monitors shall receive training on the elements of the OEP plan and basic emergency-evacuation procedures for the facility. Length of training should be commensurate with the scope and complexity of the OEP.
Over-the-Water Activities. All employees who perform duties in this environment will receive safety training that includes the use of job-hazard analyses, the proper care of personal flotation devices PFD , and in-the-water training simulating the use of PFDs. Training must be provided prior to the initial over-the-water work assignment and refresher training provided every 5 years. The office responsible for the work of these employees will conduct the training.
In-the-water training is to be conducted in a controlled environment. This manual is a guide for preparing a basic training program. Additional training specific to local operating procedures and practices is encouraged. Training sessions may also be supplemented with programs on swimming skills assessment, motorboat-operator certification, water survival, CPR, or water rescue. See Appendix Employees who are required to wear personal protective equipment, based on a job hazard analysis see Chapter 15 of this Handbook , will be trained to know when PPE is necessary; what PPE is necessary; how to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE; the limitations of the PPE; and the proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE.
Training will be as described in Chapter 26 of this Handbook. Process Safety Management. In accordance with 29 CFR The site employer will explain the applicable provisions of the site emergency-action plan. Employees who use Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC licensable ionizing radiation material shall receive appropriate training to maintain compliance with the NRC license authorizing the material and as described in Chapter 30 of this Handbook. Employees who use X-ray-producing machines shall receive appropriate training as required by 29 CFR Employees who may be exposed to naturally occurring radiation in the course of their work should attend a course on the subject.
Respirator Training. Employees who have the need to use respirators shall receive appropriate training and fit testing prior to use as described in Chapter 18 of this Handbook. Underwater Diving.
Employees who conduct diving activities shall be certified and receive initial and refresher training as described in Chapter 28 of this Handbook. Employees operating any motorized watercraft shall receive initial training through the DOI Motorboat Operator Certification Course, with the appropriate refresher training every 5 years, inclusive of PFD information, as described in Chapter 31 of this Handbook.
Additionally, operators of Class 2 or larger vessels must comply with licensing requirements of the U. Coast Guard. Welding, Cutting, and Brazing.
Cutters or welders and their supervisors must be suitably trained in the safe operation of equipment and overall safety during the welding process. Well Logger Training. Supervisors are required to complete applicable training detailed within 10 CFR 39 in order to act as a supervisor of licensee activities.
See Core Competencies Appendix A for sources. New employees should serve an apprenticeship or receive formal training from experienced senior employees before allowing unsupervised performance of such tasks.
Conduct program orientation for all employees under their supervision. Information will include the following:. Explain the proper use and how to acquire employee protective equipment. Instruction: This chapter is revised to address organizational changes and to reflect current guidance and responsibilities regarding Job Hazard Analyses JHAs. A system shall be developed and managed by which major activities and individual jobs are analyzed regarding the following:.
The following activities or circumstances are examples of where JHA techniques shall be used:. Should an injury or illness occur during a task for which a JHA has already been prepared, then note the step on the JHA where the accident occurred and detail what changes shall be made to prevent the recurrence of a similar accident.
To conduct a JHA, carefully study and record each step of a job and identify any existing or potential job hazards. For each identified hazard, determine what controls shall be used to eliminate the hazard, or reduce the hazard to an acceptable level.
Preference shall be given to engineering controls first, administrative controls second, then to PPE last. Each JHA shall address the following elements:. Eliminate the source or cause of the hazard if possible. If the hazard cannot be eliminated identify engineering controls, improved procedures, personal protective equipment, and training requirements that shall help to control the hazard.
Identified hazard controls shall be in place before work proceeds. Additional generic JHAs by occupational job series that may be used as a starting point to modify for individual job functions.
Each JHA shall be verified through a written certification that identifies the workplace evaluated; the person certifying that the evaluation has been performed; the date s of the hazard assessment; and which identifies the document as a certification of hazard assessment. Site Hazard Analyses are included in the information supplied for each site. Ensure each JHA is verified through a written certification that identifies the workplace evaluated; the person certifying that the evaluation has been performed; the date s of the hazard assessment; and, which identifies the document as a certification of hazard assessment.
This information shall be provided to and accepted by the Contracting Officer CO or COR prior to permitting the contractor to proceed with the work. Instruction: This chapter is revised to clarify required training and personal protective equipment.
In addition, the chapter reflects organizational changes. Hands-free cellular devices may be used when permitted by law. Appropriate action must be taken to minimize future incidents. Deficiencies that impair safety of operations must be corrected before returning the vehicle to an operational status. Organizations can satisfy the inspection requirement through participation in an established annual state inspection program.
Documentation must be maintained at the local level. A securely mounted and easily accessible fire extinguisher is required to be on-board. Employees shall also inform their supervisor of any tickets or driving violation that occur while driving official business example, speeding ticket, use of mobile phone while driving, etc.
The supervisor must ensure that the employee or volunteer has the ability to safely operate the vehicle in the operational environment assigned.
This hour period includes rest and meal breaks. This training should include the following: information regarding potential penalties see 49 CFR and for failure to operate motor vehicles in a safe and lawful manner, and concepts of defensive driving; physical and mental conditions that affect driving; effects of drugs and alcohol on the driver, including defense against the impaired driver; adjusting to a variety of driving conditions and environments; techniques for backing safely; and the safety risks associated with the use of electronic equipment e.
Initial and refresher training is not required for general purpose rental car use while on official travel. Driving rental cars is not a primary job duty. Furthermore, employees using rental cars when on travel comply with the same requirement of the state; e.
Local management has the discretion to be more stringent and require defensive driver training for general purpose rental car operators. This responsibility is delegated to local organizational managers and supervisors and may be re-delegated as deemed appropriate.
In lieu of training, supervisors may authorize operation of specialized vehicles if the employee or volunteer is licensed to operate. Employees and volunteers must meet the following minimum requirements in order to operate an off-highway vehicle:. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that a formal risk assessment has been prepared and approved for operation of an off-highway vehicle. Each off-highway vehicle operator must complete an operator training course developed by a manufacturer or other appropriate source, and taught by an individual who has successfully completed an off-highway vehicle instructor course in order to qualify for off-highway vehicle authorization.
Courses must be specific to each vehicle class, to include field instruction, and be documented. Refresher training, operator evaluation - check ride, is required every 3 years, at a minimum. Refresher training is strongly encouraged for infrequent operators less than 24 annual ride hours and when new equipment is placed in service.
Training is available from employees who have completed an off-highway vehicle instructor course or through private vendors. All off-highway vehicle operators must follow fieldwork procedures. At a minimum, off-highway vehicle operators must:. Operators and passengers must wear the following personal protective equipment:. Helmets must be fastened.
Exception: When a shoulder and lap belt is used in an UTV, on rural landscape or maintenance service, the use of a helmet is not required. This may include additional gear depending on the weather conditions, hazards, and environmental issues. In addition to the personal protective equipment required in section When these options are available they must be incorporated into the vehicle and all vehicle occupants must wear seat belts while the vehicle is in motion.
All guns must be in the unloaded condition when transported on an off-highway vehicle. If the off-highway vehicle has a roll over protection structure, any attachment device must not compromise the structural integrity e. Significant changes include:. Mudslide, rockslide, washout, high water, avalanche, and unfamiliar terrain. The plan supplements the field risk assessment with an analysis of the specific environmental situation including:. The decision document must be signed by the supervisor and kept on file.
Employees and volunteers have the responsibility to follow safe operating procedures and have the right to decline to operate any equipment under circumstances they deem to be unsafe. Evaluations must consider employee and volunteer training, vehicle inspections and maintenance, and licensing requirements.
Evaluations must consider the overall motor vehicle safety compliance e. Oversee and coordinate assistance to CDSPCs in determining training needs for program implementation. Vehicles with defects or deficiencies affecting occupant safety must be taken out of service until repaired. When backing maneuvers are necessary, conduct a walk around of the vehicle to identify obstacles that may be hidden from view when seated behind the steering wheel.
When passengers or other employees or volunteers are present, employ them as spotters when backing the vehicle. When windshield wipers are on, lights must be on. Immediately report all vehicle defects to the responsible supervisor. Transport gasoline and other hazardous materials in approved containers and secure to prevent movement. Instruction: This chapter is revised to update organizational changes, resources and references and to add an example traffic control plan.
The chapter provides instructions on the development of site-specific Traffic Control Plans TCPs for field operations conducted from bridges and along roadways. Working from bridges and roadways can disturb vehicle and pedestrian traffic flow and poses a serious safety hazard to employees, contractors, and the public.
The degree of detail in the plan depends on the type of highway, road conditions, duration of operation, physical constraints, and the nearness of the work space activity to road users.
A site-specific TCP must include:. These are usually divided into four areas: the advance warning area,. Examples are:. High Visibility Apparel. Class 3 high visibility apparel ensures the greatest level of visibility.
Employees and contractors that work from bridges or along roadways must receive the following traffic control safety training:. Flagger training is required for employees and contractors with flagger responsibilities.
The training is required upon initial assignment. Flagger retraining is required at least every four years. Retraining frequency must comply with the more stringent of Federal or State requirements. Flaggers must be able to satisfactorily demonstrate the following abilities:. Review and update plans at least annually. Collateral Duty Safety Program Coordinators.
Assist managers and supervisors in the implementation of the Work Zone Safety program. Ensure contractor compliance with applicable requirements when the USGS arranges via procurement contracts, grants, cooperative agreements, etc.
These requirements apply to all USGS personnel whose job duties involve the use of respiratory protection devices and who work in an environment with potential exposure to respiratory hazards. The USGS Office of Administrative and Policy Services, Office of Management Services, Branch of Safety and Environmental Management employs a full-time Industrial Hygienist who coordinates the occupational health program and is available for consultation with regional and field organizational staff, as needed.
The USGS shall evaluate potential health hazards in the workplace and control them using appropriate means. Engineering controls shall be used as the primary means to prevent exposure to hazards. Administrative controls and personal protective equipment will supplement engineering controls as appropriate. The USGS shall provide a respiratory protection program for personnel who are exposed to potentially harmful gases, vapors and particulates.
Medical evaluations of respirator users shall be conducted prior to issuing respiratory equipment and should be performed consistent with guidelines in the DOI Occupational Medicine Program Handbook. Engineering controls or changes in methods or process shall be used to the greatest extent possible to either eliminate or reduce respiratory hazards to acceptable levels. The toxic action of a substance can be generally divided into acute and chronic effects.
Acute effects generally involve short-term high concentrations and immediate effects of some kind: illness, irritation, or death. An example of an acute exposure would be inhaling high levels of carbon monoxide or ingesting a sufficient quantity of a cyanide compound to produce rapid poisoning. IDLH atmospheres are concentrations of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiant substances that pose an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects, or would interfere with an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere by causing severe eye or respiratory irritation and other deleterious effect e.
For example PELs, RELs, and TLVs were established to protect against chronic health effects by establishing airborne concentrations of substances and conditions of exposure under which it is believed nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse health effects.
Gases are the normal state for many substances, e. Vapors are formed by the evaporation of substances such as acetone or methanol. Dusts are solid particles produced by processes such as grinding, crushing, drilling, or shaking.
Fumes are formed when volatilized solids condense in cool air. Welding is the most common example of a process producing fumes. Gases and vapor are not fumes although the terms are often mistakenly used interchangeably. Mists are finely divided liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere and formed by the condensation of liquids from the vapor state back to the liquid state, or by operations such as spraying. RPPs are implemented so that personnel can be provided with respiratory protection when the status of engineering controls to control respiratory hazards is unknown, while engineering controls are being instituted, or when engineering controls are not feasible.
Unlike engineering controls, respirators do not eliminate a hazard. If the respiratory equipment is not used or is used improperly equipment does not fit or is damaged , exposure to the hazard would likely occur.
In addition to the items listed in 29 CFR RRPs are also required if personnel wear elastomeric respirators on a voluntary basis i. Appendix , Selection Guide for Respiratory Protection is suggested for use in meeting this requirement. Where conflicts exist between the various exposure limits, the more stringent limit shall apply.
In addition, this policy will be followed if respirators are worn for protection from exposure to other respiratory hazards that are encountered occasionally but have not been determined to exceed established exposure limits.
These occasionally encountered respiratory hazards may include exposure to organic vapors from paints and solvents, vapors from concentrated hydrochloric acid used to prepare dilute solutions for water-quality equipment rinses, metal oxide fumes from welding and metal cutting procedures, and chemical vapors from bleach solutions used for disinfection. Air-purifying elements provide protection against specific substances or groups and classes of contaminants.
It is imperative that the contaminant s be identified in order to select the proper air-purifying element. An increase in breathing resistance will occur as a result of particulate contaminants lodging on the filter. Filters should be considered spent and replaced whenever there is any noticeable increase in breathing resistance or as otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. Cartridges are available for protection against ammonia gas and mercury vapor, and classes of gases and vapors, such as acid gases and organic vapors.
In contrast to filters, which are effective to some degree no matter what the particulate, cartridges used for gas and vapor removal are designed for protection against specific contaminants only, and it is imperative that the contaminant s be identified in order to select the proper air-purifying element. Cartridges should be considered spent and replaced when contaminants are first detected through the respirator or as otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.
Air-purifying respirators shall never be used for protection from chemicals that lack adequate warning properties. Warning properties are considered adequate when a contaminants odor, taste, or irritant effects can be detected and are persistent at concentrations at or below the PEL or TLV. Disposable-type respirators provide a much poorer face-piece seal than a properly fitted elastomeric face piece type respirator. Some of the color codes are listed below. The filter part of the combination is an HEPA filter, which mechanically traps particulate and provides protection from metal fumes, including zinc oxide and the particulate associated with hantavirus.
Both types of cartridges provide protection from organic vapors associated with paints, solvents, and pesticides. Make sure you know what protection your air-purifying elements will provide! Specific projects or jobs may require that air-purifying elements be replaced more frequently. Filters and cartridges must be replaced if they get wet or damaged. Both air-purifying elements must be replaced; never replace only one. There are two general categories of respirators: 1 atmosphere-supplying supplied air , and 2 air-purifying.
Atmosphere-supplying respirators provide an independent source of clean breathing air and must be used when entering an immediately dangerous to life or health atmosphere, an unknown atmosphere, or where an approved air-purifying respirator is unavailable for the specific contaminant at hand. Use of atmosphere-supplying respirators requires coordination and approval of the Bureau Industrial Hygienist. Initial medical evaluation must take place before personnel perform any respirator use activities to include fit testing.
All persons participating in the respiratory protection program must be evaluated and cleared for respirator use by a physician.
The physician shall determine what health and physical conditions are pertinent. As required by the physician, periodic medical re-evaluation will be conducted.
Personnel who use elastomeric respirators on a voluntary basis are required to receive medical evaluation. Medical evaluation is not required for the voluntary use of disposable-type dust masks when no airborne hazard is present. Before an employee is required to use a tight fitting face piece respirator a fit test shall be successfully performed with the same make, model, and size respirator to be used. Respirators worn on a voluntary basis do not require fit testing.
If the respirator will be worn with any additional equipment e. In order to ensure continued proper fit and face piece seal, qualitative fit testing must be successfully completed on an annual basis unless a specific OSHA standard requires more frequent fit-testing e. Personnel performing fit-testing shall have received appropriate training. Only validated qualitative fit-test protocols shall be used.
It should collapse slightly and you should not feel or hear any air leaks. Test again, until there are no leaks.
It should bulge slightly and you should not feel or hear any air leaks. If you do, adjust the tension of the head harness straps until a tight seal is obtained. Respirators must be visually inspected before and after each use to ensure that there are no damaged parts, that all components are in place, and that it is in good working condition.
After assembling the respirator by screwing in the air-purifying elements, check to ensure that the air-purifying elements are tightly sealed against the face piece, the exhalation valve is in place, and the sealing flange has not been distorted.
Report any damage or problems immediately to your supervisor or the Program Coordinator. Do not use the respirator until the problem has been resolved refer to manufacturer's instruction manual for respirator instructions. Always adjust from the top down. Try to adjust the straps on either side so they are equal.
Do not over tighten. If the respirator is pinching or is uncomfortable, loosen the straps slightly. Replace eyewear, if removed. Preuse checks shall be performed prior to each use of the respirator to ensure an adequate seal is achieved as described in 29 CFR Operations in which respirators are used shall be routinely assessed to ensure that any changing worksite conditions or stressors are evaluated with respect to the effectiveness of respiratory protection being provided as described in 29 CFR For hygiene purposes, respirators should be assigned to individual approved employees for personal use only; respirators should not be shared.
For disinfecting activities to eliminate the hantavirus or histoplasmosis fungus, always move away from a potentially contaminated area and into a clean area before removing respirator. Disinfect protective gloves, if worn, and while still on, remove respirator. Unscrew air-purifying elements, soaked in a 1 part bleach to 8 parts watersolution, place in reclosable plastic bags, and dispose.
Wipe off outside of respirator face piece with paper towels dampened in bleach and water solution if respirator has been worn as protection from hantavirus.
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